So basically, there could be an enchant called filter, which you can assign one block to not be put into your inventory when you mine it. It's use wouldn't be very practical, unless you have a god pickaxe with no autosell. As such, you can add Filter several times like: Filter - gold_ore and Filter - prismarine_block.
This would be a custom enchant, probably of Tier one or two, not a pickaxe upgrade.
This would be a custom enchant, probably of Tier one or two, not a pickaxe upgrade.